Circuit diagram design of solar power supply system for wireless sensor network node

Shunluo high frequency inductor, parallel stack inductor, shun winding inductor, authorized agent

Overview:
Wireless sensor networks have broad application prospects in the fields of environmental monitoring, smart home, transportation, and fine agriculture, and they are receiving more and more attention. As an important component of wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are usually distributed in a certain area to collaboratively monitor, sense and collect information of various environments and monitoring objects in real time. The requirements of the sensor node deployment environment and the actual application determine that it is impossible for the node power supply to access the normal power system power supply in most cases. For example, if Crossbow's MICAz node is set to 1% duty cycle with a 3 000 mAh battery, the battery needs to be replaced every 17.35 weeks. In addition, since the nodes are often arranged in harsh and complicated environments, the cost of replacing the batteries is further increased. How to provide power supply guarantee for sensor nodes stably and effectively becomes a key issue in sensor node design. At present, the research ideas for this problem are mainly how to collect energy from the environment where the node is located and perform effective storage, so that the node has the energy replenishing ability to effectively extend the life cycle of the node. The environment has a variety of rich energy, such as solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration energy, sound energy, electromagnetic energy and so on. At present, some companies have researched and developed systems that utilize environmental energy as a function of wireless sensor networks. For example, the solar energy collection module CBC-EVAL-08 has been successfully applied to TI's ultra low power wireless sensor network node eZ430-RF2500-SHE to provide energy. The startup Perpetuum introduces the PMG7 miniature vibration generator that produces up to 5 mW/3.3 V of output power from a 100 mg vibration. However, current energy harvesting has some limitations. For example, the solar energy collection module CBC-EVAL-08 can only work when there is sunlight because the photovoltaic thin film battery collects less energy and lacks backup energy. The vibration energy makes the arrangement environment of the node suffer. Restriction Even in an intermittent vibration environment, the system cannot work continuously and stably.

By comparing and analyzing various energies in the environment, it is concluded that the outdoor sensor nodes use solar energy to supply energy as a better choice. This paper proposes a solar-based node power system design, which can automatically manage the charging process and perform effective energy storage. The energy-saving scheme is implemented by monitoring the battery voltage to achieve the purpose of extending the node life cycle. In addition, efficient DC-DC conversion is an essential part because of the inconsistent voltages required by the various devices on the node.

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