Looking back on the third anniversary of China's manufacturing

Today, three years ago, 2015.5.19, "Made in China 2025" was officially released and became a leading document made in China. It points to a ten-year agreement and gives the road to China's power.

Figure | 5.19 issued "Made in China 2025"

In the past three years, Chinese manufacturing has never been so arrogant. After experiencing unprecedented concept debates, knowledge dissemination, blueprint design, and demonstrations, industrial rejuvenation has become a phenomenon that public opinion loves and sees. When the "world factory" was once geometrically, it was "cuffed" on China's head. In recent years, as countries have expressed a high degree of concern for the manufacturing industry and the retreat of the factory, we have found that the "world factory" is actually a fascinating acclaim.

National strategic reversal

However, in the international public opinion environment, "Made in China 2025" has undergone a curve-like evaluation.
In 2015, this is an era when peacocks are on the screen and flowers bloom. German Industry 4.0, the US Advanced Manufacturing Partnership Program AMP, the US Industrial Internet, the Japanese Robotics Program, and the subsequent Social 5.0 echo internationally. It is like looking up at the night sky, the galaxy of the stars, the beautiful times of all things.
In 2016, the air began to permeate the atmosphere of national competition. The acquisition of KUKA in the United States has caused panic in Germany and has become the most iconic turning point. Later that year, the Mercator China Research Center (MERICS) in Berlin launched "Made in China 2025: The Rise of High-Tech Hegemony and Its Impact on Industrial Enterprises." MERICS is a think tank invested by the Mercator Foundation in November 2013 to specialize in Chinese issues. Not very friendly to China. In this report, “70% of autonomous goals” are highlighted. In the "Industrial Strong Foundation Project" of "Made in China 2025", it is mentioned that "by 2025, 70% of the core basic components and key basic materials will be independently guaranteed, and 80 kinds of iconic advanced technologies will be promoted and applied, and some will reach the international level. Leading level."

Figure | 2025 industrial strong base self-protection target

In February 2017, the American Chamber of Commerce began to launch a disaster, released the "Global Ambition on Local Protection", detailed description and accusation of China Manufacturing 2025, a large number of data from the Mercator report. Mercator believes that the Chinese government is using internal or semi-official documents to guide companies to achieve their autonomy goals, thus avoiding public violations of WTO rules.

Figure | China's alternative target given by Mercator

Chinese officials have claimed that this alternative goal is not an official policy. The report made by the American Chamber of Commerce is also aware of this, pointing out that "the Chinese government stated that the Green Paper and its set goals are not binding."
In fact, the US industry does not recognize such a goal. The US Chamber of Commerce report directly pointed out that "However, Chinese officials, including Deputy Prime Minister Ma Kai, have publicly supported the strategy and direction in the Green Paper. Like other standard documents, the Green Paper expresses the central government's priorities and goals."

This piece of news released by ChinaDaily in September was used as evidence in the report of the American Chamber of Commerce and was included in its report.
This means that the Americans have done very detailed statistics and analysis of the speeches we have led.
In 2018, with the hawkish officials of the US foreign trade hardliners, Trump launched a wave of trade tariffs on China. The top ten projects of "Made in China 2025" became the focus of the shock.
In a report in April 2018, the Los Angeles Times pointed out that the American hardliner representative Lezecht accused China of "clearly listing some technologies and investing hundreds of billions of dollars in the March congressional hearing." Technology, occupying the world." Lezecht continued, "If China rules the world, it would be too bad for the United States."
In the "301 Survey Report" on China's misappropriation of intellectual property rights, which was released in March in the United States, the focus was on "Made in China 2025" and the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020). "Represented by China's industrial policy.
Then American scholar Adam Segal raised the question "Why do everyone hate 'Made in China 2025'?" Segal contrasted that China’s cybersecurity law, introduced in May 2017, has caused headaches for US multinationals. However, this report is not focused at the 301 Survey Report. It was only mentioned 13 times. The deficit has only appeared once, and "Made in China 2025" has appeared up to 116 times. Obviously, this is the main goal of its aim at China.
China's ambitious manufacturing upgrade plan seems to have annoyed the governments of the world and confirmed their suspicions: the Chinese government is not looking for a win-win trade relationship, as those diplomats have said. In the era of Sino-US competition, "Made in China 2025" seems to be the eye of the threat to US global leadership.
Why is China setting the “fixed quota for independent guarantee rate” wrong? Adam analyzed that this violates WTO rules because the WTO explicitly opposes technology substitution.
Moreover, the outside world generally believes that there are more Chinese semi-official documents that disclose more specific goals and ambitions.

How to make 2025 made in China

Made in China 2025, it became a foreign "shock".
“Frightened” is that these development goals clearly point to “technical replacement”;
What is “shocking” is how to achieve these goals?
Foreign countries have been asking how China Manufacturing 2025 will achieve these amazing goals?
What foreigners are worried about is that China tries to master the entire high-tech industrial chain, but not through free market access, but through subsidizing domestic industries and heavy industrial policies; in the backward core technology, the government promotes foreign mergers and acquisitions and strengthens joint ventures. The company's technology transfer agreement.
After 2015, China's continuous mergers and acquisitions in the United States and Europe caused great vigilance.
In September 2016, TCL intends to acquire the MIFI (Intelligent Mobile Hotspot Equipment and Mobile Broadband) business of Novatel Wireless in the United States through a wholly-owned subsidiary for US$50 million. However, this project did not pass after submitting the declaration twice.
In November 2016, the plan of Chinese-funded (Fujian Hongxin Investment Fund) to acquire the German semiconductor equipment manufacturer Ai Siqiang was also rejected by the United States on the grounds that the transaction poses a potential threat to US national security.
In 2016, the US acquisition of KUKA robots shocked the German ruling.
In September 2017, US Treasury officials claimed that President Trump issued an executive order calling for the acquisition of US chipmaker LatTIce by Canyon Bridge Fund Partners. His Chinese executives were even convicted in New York courts in April this year.
In April 2018, ZTE was banned. A country’s naked “disconnection” of a company is also a difficult case.
This is a link in the chain phenomenon. The EU passed the Investment Restriction Act in July last year and it seems that it is directed at China and Russia. The United States, on the other hand, seems to be upgrading its investment review board. These will make China's overseas investment and technology mergers and acquisitions very difficult.
A senior official of Bruce King said that in the process of realizing China's high-tech ambitions, it contains a large number of industrial policy tools such as subsidies and market access. These have made the United States oppose the practice of making 2025 in China.
On the occasion of Vice President Liu He’s visit to the United States, the hard-line US Secretary of Commerce, Mr. Rose, delivered a speech at the NaTIonal Press Club on May 14th, using data to deeply analyze the impact of Sino-US trade conflicts on the US economy. The roots behind the conflict and future expectations. “We welcome legal competition, but we cannot tolerate competition based on large-scale government subsidies and industrial cyber espionage.” He stressed that “China has about 100 ways to fund its businesses, even if it does not need to grow. Liktor's factory continues to expand."
"100 kinds", if Ross does not propose this data, do we really realize that the government really gives enterprises so many "funding" methods?
Americans are taking a magnifying glass to study each of our policies.
What needs to be reflected is that we originally had special items. 04 special CNC machine tool special. Why did this cause a huge shock? Foreign scholars have realized that this is different from previous goals. In 2006, a 15-year plan was released. The key concept of the plan is “independent innovation”, which is completely focused on advanced technology. The culmination of the program was the identification of seven “strategic emerging industries” in October 2010.
Foreign experts have judged that China Manufacturing 2025 not only emphasizes innovation, but captures the “manufacturing ecology”; not only advanced manufacturing, but also traditional manufacturing upgrades and modern manufacturing services. This is a big step.

Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering: Super Maiba

In order to better promote "Made in China 2025", the National Manufacturing Power Building Leading Group launched the "1+X" planning system. “1” refers to “Made in China 2025” and “X” refers to 11 supporting implementation guides, action guides and development plans.

Figure | 1+X Package

From the current point of view, the development of these 11 supporting projects has been different, some have great development, some have small jogging, and the difference is very big. Intelligent manufacturing engineering is undoubtedly the most profitable project. With the desire for “smart manufacturing”, it is the first of the five major projects in the limelight.
Intelligent manufacturing engineering has driven the construction of a number of digital factories through “integrated demonstration applications” and “new models”. According to the official calibre, there are already 207 digital demonstration factories in October 2017. This data was fine-tuned to 208 in May 2018. At present, 155 units have copied and promoted 805 projects to related industries.
However, the intelligent manufacturing project, in actual operation, is more like a super-large "two-in-one fusion", but its volume is ten times to hundreds of times the latter. In a sense, this is a bad complement to the integration of the two. The difference is that the integration of the two industries is still a normal meal for the ordinary people of SMEs, but the "smart manufacturing project" is more like a feast of subsidies.
Among them, the demonstration projects are also inconsistent. On the one hand, it plays a certain role in the popularization of ideas and technology promotion; on the one hand, the biggest flaw of the demonstration project lies in the project review system. In this process, the large-scale enterprises united with the compound institute, and put together the plan, holding the old wine and reloading it into a digital factory. Many enterprises' intelligent manufacturing projects are simply introducing MES, introducing visual kanban, and introducing digital mining technology for the Internet of Things. This is not a subsidy in the future, it is subsidizing the past.
Moreover, which kind of exploration is the real market needs? No one has the right to choose competitors in the market, nor should he deprive SMEs of “smart manufacturing dreams”. The subsidy and review of the demonstration project undermine this basic principle.
The demonstration will bring a lot of negative factors. It is a good thing for a company like Red Collar to put it on the market and let it shine directly. However, the result of demonstration and publicity is that such a company has begun to engage in a presidential training course, and has opened up an alternative road to profit. In this way, all the supporters of goodwill seem to become the childcare and embarrassing identity of not taking money.
The demonstration is like the bread that has been sown by the fish in the harbor, which stimulates the water, but it benefits. This kind of squid-like improvisation is still a little less good.
The good news is that in the past three years, more than 4,700 sets of key technical equipment have been broken and applied, more than 1,700 sets of industrial software have been developed, and more than 1,300 patents have been applied. The national intelligent manufacturing standard system has been initially established. At present, 7 international standards and 74 national standards have been officially released, and 90 draft standards have been approved by national standards. Despite these standards, there is still a long way to go before they can be implemented, but the door opens and finally brings in some bright light.

Innovation Center, struggling

The aim of promoting the development of common technology is the arduous task of the manufacturing innovation center project. In June 2016, the National Power Battery Innovation Center was approved. In December of the same year, the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center was approved. The construction of the manufacturing innovation center was moved from the top design to the implementation stage.
However, the two innovative centers that were first established, after swallowing huge sums of money, have come out of an unexpected path.
The National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center was established by Xi'an Additive Manufacturing Research Institute Co., Ltd. Its website shows that the innovative capacity building project of 200 million yuan and the provincial 2016 matching fund have been fully allocated in April last year. On May 11 this year, the main structure of the center's project was capped.

Figure | May 11 Innovation Center Cap

The Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center seems to have only benefited a lot from the university enterprises with the West Jiaotong University as the main body, and established an industrial chain around the market.
This is a strange phenomenon. The school is far from industrialization (self-employment is not in this discussion area), but around this innovative research institute, the school-run industry intends to go further in commercialization. According to the Innovation Institute involved in the US manufacturing innovation network, the technology maturity is only between 4-7, far from being commercially viable. In this way, it is possible to be a common technology.
The Power Battery Innovation Institute faces the same problem. After investing heavily in building production lines, there are even products that can be commercialized.
See also the new production line, see the new building, these two innovation centers that took the lead in capturing the infinite scenery, left a lot of horror in the management mechanism and strategic positioning.
In 2018, three more national innovation centers were launched. How to operate better, its operating mechanism needs to be carefully designed. The "company + alliance" approach seems to be becoming a mainstream. However, this dual-track mechanism makes it difficult to truly implement the relationship between “decision, intellectual property and income”. A professor who participated in the design of the mechanism of the American Institute of Manufacturing Innovation said that it is unthinkable for the company to become a shareholder. It is hard to imagine that this can produce "pre-competitive technology Pre-compeTITIon" without causing disputes.
The bigger hurdle is behind. The National Development and Reform Commission has a national engineering (technical) research center, a national key laboratory of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and a nationally recognized enterprise technology center. These have already taken the lead and occupied an obvious resource system. How to play a greater role in innovation transformation?
By restarting the new system to build a new team, or using the old resources to open a new system? It seems difficult to answer at the moment. The construction of local innovation centers is also unprecedentedly high. In principle, it is a provincial-level innovation center that can be transformed into a national-level innovation center, so the localities are also climax. Currently 48 provincial innovation centers are guiding the cultivation. How to make up for the lack of common technology left by the restructuring of the Chinese compound, we still have too many questions to answer.

Strong foundation engineering

Strong foundation projects, although not warm, have never been a positive focus. The opposite of the lesson, but a lot of: ZTE incident, took a "core" class.
In fact, industrial software is also very worthy of attention - unfortunately it was overwhelmed and never paid attention. Among the products that ZTE is banned from purchasing, there is a design software called CADENCE (Mentor, one of its competitors, was acquired by Siemens for $4.5 billion last year). This is an EAD electronic design assistant software. Since the chips are all in the nanometer dimension, without such software, the product cannot be designed at all. However, why can't we call for the development of industrial software like calling for the development of chips? Because we can't see it. And the investment is huge, how much should I invest in developing CAD, EDAD, and simulation software? There are no 100 billion, let's not talk about it first.
If the industry is strong, if you want to give money, then you should not complain. This is the foundation of the "armed" equipment manufacturing industry.
The previous formulation, called the whole machine to drive the development of parts, is to develop the whole machine first, and then drive the development of parts. However, in the case of the whole machine with parts, the whole machine has been developed, but the parts have not been developed, and many of them are embedded in foreign goods. This is an important manifestation of China's possible "big but not strong".
After Japan's post-World War II industrial founding, it began to take the road of the whole machine to drive parts. However, in the 1960s, when Japan discovered that this was not going to work, it began to strongly support basic technology and basic components. Up to now, more than 200 projects have been supported each year to support the basic technology. What makes everyone unexpected is that there are 50 casting technologies, which are generally considered to be “dirty and high energy consumption”.
Of course, the development of the whole machine is a bright color project, which is exciting and easy to form high GDP. The "Industrial Four Bases" are either "small in appearance" and have little output value; either they are invested heavily and there is no effect. This makes it difficult for leaders in the general government to support such projects.
The biggest inspiration for the industrial base is not to pursue integrated innovation, but to make a positive breakthrough in the tiny niche market.

Green manufacturing engineering

The green manufacturing project received less attention. In June 2016, the Guide put forward work deployments around the “Traditional Manufacturing Greenization Demonstration and Promotion” and “Green Manufacturing System Construction Pilot”.
Green manufacturing is not a front-line battlefield that can be cut separately. It is included in industrial systems such as energy structure adjustment, plant energy management, and machine energy consumption.
In the United States, US manufacturing consumes about 25% of total energy. Therefore, the United States will vigorously develop efficient power conversion technology. Among the 14 research institutes that make innovation networks in the United States, an important responsibility of the Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Innovation is to build the platform and promote the reduction of energy consumption in the factory. In Germany, the energy-saving initiative initiated by the German Machinery Manufacturers Association VDMA - " Blue Competence has been supported by more than 40 mechanical manufacturing branches, and German textile machinery and plastic machinery have shown a highly consistent action in this regard. The low energy consumption of the machine is becoming another killer weapon for German machinery.
The implementation of the greening of basic manufacturing processes is also mentioned in the Guide. This is obviously related to the "strong base project", which is fundamental.

High-end equipment engineering

High-end equipment is aimed at eleven major aircraft, nuclear power, power grid, and advanced orbit. Three years have also shown a lot of results. According to incomplete statistics, since the implementation of "Made in China 2025", more than 4,700 sets of key technical equipment have been broken and applied in the past three years.
However, high-end equipment seems to be the construction of the national plan. In addition to medical, high-end machine tools and advanced agricultural machinery, the other eight are national-level projects.
To develop high-end equipment, it is also necessary to vigorously develop special equipment. Nowadays, many of the equipments are general-purpose, and the special equipment for users and the special tooling are still rarely studied. But in fact, the domestic demand for this piece is very large. The feature of the special plane is that it must be combined with the user and needs to understand the user's process characteristics.
For example, as a "fighter in the machine", the machine tool is already a universally applied device. However, machine tool enterprises have no concept of scale. These foreign companies are worth a lot of companies. Shenyang Machine Tool reached 18 billion in 2011, which is an amazing achievement, but it can no longer be broken. This industry is unlikely to be 100 billion, which is completely different from engineering machinery and automobile industry.
It is difficult to become a big GDP, and it is less likely to become an image project. However, a large number of such special equipment manufacturers are the mysteries of Germany's "invisible champion", which is also the basis of our enviable German equipment manufacturing industry. According to the statistics of the Machinery Industry Information Research Institute, the current output value of the machinery industry is 2 trillion yuan, and 4 trillion yuan is general equipment. This ratio is not adjusted, and the high-quality development of supply-side reform is hard to say.

Two action guides

There are two action guides in 1+X. Service-oriented manufacturing, the development is relatively slow, it is quite a sad one. “Service-oriented manufacturing” must be cut and differentiated from the existing “productive services” at the beginning of the concept. This is a subtle result between the two ministries; in practice, it is “smart manufacturing engineering”. It's easy to knock down because it doesn't take any advantage in context. With a little conceptual deduction, smart manufacturing can immediately enter the field of "service-oriented manufacturing"; and the industrial Internet, which was popular from the end of last year, almost won, and "service-oriented manufacturing" was stepped on.
Service-oriented manufacturing is a spontaneous result of manufacturing profits and high competition. The British Rolls-Royce engine launched a secret weapon in 1997. In one fell swoop, the enemy GE won all the engine orders for Japan's all-Japan Airlines. All of the previous Naviday flights were GE engines. This weapon, playing GE to find the teeth all over the place. In fact, a new sales strategy that Rollo started to use is called "TotalCare." It offers a few years of free maintenance commitment while quoting the price of the engine. This is the originator of the engine remote operation. It completely overturns the relationship between manufacturing and services. Later, two other engine suppliers, GE and Pratt & Whitney, took the same approach. In the moment, GE's story is more widely known because of the rapid development of the industrial Internet. However, this is the spontaneous result of corporate competition 20 years ago. At that time, there was no service manufacturing.
Quality brand promotion actions also mean that China's weaknesses have not been resolved. The quality problem was originally a corporate lifeline, and it was repeatedly emphasized by the country without labor. It is worth noting that quality problems cannot be solved by the craftsman spirit. Moreover, the craftsmanship cannot rise to moral issues. Shouting the door to shout the craftsman spirit is to cover up the essence of the quality problem.
The formation of craftsmanship is a proposition of complex product exchange and social feedback mechanism. Its formation is inseparable from the honor of social evaluation and the feedback mechanism of consumers' interests.

Figure | Butterfly model of craftsmanship

The needs of the craftsmanship are magnified through the systematic social system, embodied in the protection of property rights, dignity (having a sense of superiority, including income, or honor), and social hierarchy. Only in this way can the craftsmanship spirit really flourish in the current social soil.
The programmers of the Chinese Internet software industry should be the best craftsmen in the world. They provide the best and most comfortable interface for Chinese users. The apps on various mobile phones are very good, with few bugs, and the quality is very good. Fast user feedback and fast iterations give the craftsman the best feedback. Most importantly, they also received material rewards.
The vertical is not as good as the return home. Quality is actually just a sign of the phenomenon, it is the result of a series of actions. Looking back at Toyota's "Toyota Production Method" launched in the 1960s, reviewing the suffocating "continuous improvement" that eliminates waste - the direct result is quality improvement. If you look at Japan's efforts to improve lean and industrial engineering in the 1960s-1990s, and the refinement of many theories, at this moment, we will feel that China's manufacturing philosophy is at least 30 years behind.
Technology can be put aside for the time being.

Four special items

The medicines, information technology and new materials in the four special projects can be passed over. Biomedicine has become a real industrial commanding point. Its industrial value chain is much higher than that of automobiles, and it has become the most obvious area in the United States. Information technology is becoming a ubiquitous manufacturing enabler, and new materials are being used in China. The way of “folding the project” has become the focus of attention.
It is worth mentioning the talent specialization, which has always been the most vulnerable topic. Recently, the phenomenon of “striking college students” has made people feel very open. As the city with the most universities in the world, Wuhan grabbed 300,000 college students in one breath and gave various conditions. Of course, robbing college talents is just a simple act of “save the city's population”: instead of robbing college students, it is better to grab the urban population. A large net outflow of Shenyang’s population will directly lead to a decline in urban vitality. Although college students from graduation to professional skills, there is still a long way to go. But after all, it is a good start.
Can there be a path to better innovation? DMDII, the American Institute of Digital Design and Manufacturing Innovation, launched a report on “Digital Talents for Manufacturing and Upgrade” this year, detailing 64 roles and job descriptions of digital talents, and re-dividing various digital talents based on digital enterprises. s position. This gives us a good inspiration. For future-oriented manufacturing, it is vital that there are enough talents to match. With the popularization of German Industry 4.0, German industry is also deeply aware of the shortage of digital and software talents, which does not match the technological development. This is also the problem we will face. Foxconn’s rumors that “Let 1 million robots go to work” have not been implemented, but there are tens of thousands of digital talent gaps.
Digital talent, what skills do you need? Need to answer carefully in the follow-up development of the talent specialization.

Smart manufacturing enters the ethereal context

These two years have made us crazy about the smart manufacturing related hot words, wandering around: smart manufacturing, industrial Internet / Internet of Things, two integration, two deep integration, Internet +, industrial cloud, a new generation of intelligent manufacturing.
Industrial practitioners are looking for smart metals, plastics and guides in the workshop; suppliers can't wait to put "smart manufacturing" labels on all products and services, intelligent logistics, smart fixtures, smart warehousing, and various software. Not smart, I am embarrassed to recommend to the customer; the speaker put all the previous PPT materials, the "X" batch into "smart X".
Smart manufacturing is not about manufacturing, but about "smart." What is the intelligence in the factory? However, it is automation, informationization, plus some means of Internet of Things and some mathematical analysis.
China's overall manufacturing level is relatively low. It is possible to carry out intelligent transformation of digital workshop construction, which may be less than 10%-20%. Many traditional industries are still processing by hand, passing design ideas with drawings and using excel forms to pass data. The most basic digital things, the transmission of information has not become digital, how can we transform to digital workshops, digital factories?
The Institute of Machinery Industry Information has done a research. In Japan and Taiwan, when the per capita GDP in the 1970s and 1980s reached 6,000 to 10,000 US dollars, they all carried out the upgrade movement of industrial automation, which is its The depth of industrialization lays a good foundation. China's per capita GDP in 2016 was $8,260, which is exactly when automation and industrial engineering should be popular. China has not formed a large-scale promotion. Many enterprises have great gaps in terms of production processes and production processes.
In addition to technical introduction and product optimization and transformation, more important for enterprises is the breakthrough of ideas and organizational changes. Intelligent transformation, if there is no management and organizational innovation, will have little effect, it is difficult to enjoy the dividend of intelligent manufacturing.
Instead of learning how flexible smart manufacturing is, it is better to learn the small-scale production of Toyota production methods directly. As early as 1961, Toyota realized that even large-volume production orders would be produced in small quantities. This means that there will be countless amazing small innovations in the workshop – that is the foundation of industrialization.
However, the concept has not been sloppy in China. Because this is not a small matter, there will be interest groups behind every new concept.

Industrial Internet satellite

The Industrial Internet unexpectedly gained heat in the second half of 2017 and became the largest “concept dark horse” in 2018.

Figure | Baidu Index's heat comparison (blue line for Industrial Internet)

According to the Baidu Index, in March 2018, the "Industrial Internet" was four times that of "Intelligent Manufacturing." However, the industry does not need to understand the Baidu Index. From the overwhelming documents of various governments, can you know how hot the industrial Internet is? Guangdong and Zhejiang have answered this question.
The goal of Zhejiang is to create more than one cross-industry, cross-industry, internationally advanced industrial Internet platform by 2025, 30 industry-leading featured industrial Internet platforms, and develop and integrate 100,000 industrial APPs to connect industrial equipment. The number reached 200 million units, and the number of enterprises on the platform reached 300,000. And a detailed breakdown map of the “Enterprises on the cloud 2018-2020” is given.

Table | 2020 satellite cloud maps (Source: comprehensive consolidation)

Is this not an industrial satellite? To see the implementation opinions of local governments, since the publication of "Made in China 2025", the local committees have generally inherited the national guidance and formed a "local enhanced version" and "local version."
When the famous Chinese historian Huang Renyu summed up the merits and demerits of the Emperor Sui, he pointed out a key technical problem of the management of the civil servants. The official residence of the Sui Dynasty "has shrouded in the ideal mathematical formula, and how effective it is. To do the actual assessment of the standard, this program has been launched as a mass movement, and it is not easy to close in time, so the overkill will be too positive." The imperial examination system that began in the Sui Dynasty opened up a new way of selecting officials: the management of all localities was sent by the central government, and in order to cope with the assessment of the central cadres, the officials of the localities had to “study the traces of the squad.
The practice of more than 1400 years ago seems to be shocking now. However, this is not the fate of the Sui Dynasty. This is almost a tour of China for more than a thousand years. Huang Renyu continued to write that "traditional bureaucratic politics has a broad jurisdiction, and the actual mastery is not deep. Its administrative efficiency depends on top-down pressure. According to the economic principles, we can only lay out the scenes, and we cannot accurately calculate the number."
The problem is that the digital targets set by local governments first have the exaggeration of “man-made waves”, followed by the swaying technology to replace the problem, and the last one is the issue of subsidy paths. The latter two give the opportunity to give people a handle under the international trading system.
In addition to the widely cited "70%" target in the Mercator report above, such goals are also mentioned in the "Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering" of the five major projects.

Figure | Targets in the Smart Manufacturing Engineering Guide

In the intelligent manufacturing project, “the domestic market satisfaction rate of intelligent manufacturing core support software with intellectual property rights exceeds 30%”.
Can we achieve this goal?
At present, the most basic high-end industrial software such as 3D CAD software and PLM, China's market share is probably less than 5%, and high-end CAE is almost completely annihilated. And there is no improvement. This needs to be rethought. We seem to set an unfinished goal and frighten scholars and politicians who study each number seriously.
This makes it almost inevitable that China will experience the rebound and resistance in international public opinion. Some large and improper targets and open subsidies of local governments or certain industries have undoubtedly become important evidence for pressure and counter-measure by foreign public opinion.
Why does the industrial Internet become a number of game carnivals? Because it can make a simple numerical indicator. Among the goals of enterprises in some provinces, Ali, the three major operators, and Huawei Cloud can account for 95%. How much does this kind of cloud have to do with the industrial Internet?

Three years of leopard change

However, even if "Made in China 2025" becomes the target of attack by developed countries, it is only a disturbance, and does not delay such a national manufacturing strategy of attacking the mid-to-high-end value chain. Just three years ago, we need to consider a lot of things: we need to vigorously popularize the idea of ​​industrial engineering, let the simple concept become lightning again, the classic ideas in the history of industrial development, in fact, not outdated; less demonstration, that is the most management Taboo helicopter management - dusty sports; let the manufacturing innovation center regain the position of the college in the same year, not too close to the market, to become "the staff who can not hear the gunfire." When the battle is too close, the movement will inevitably be deformed, and the decision that suits the basic commonality will not be made; the binding innovation of the combination of upstream and downstream will be used to bridge the cracks between Party A and Party B (including the abolition of the “lowest price bid” requirement), and users and supplies will be provided. Connected with businesses to achieve chain innovation. Especially for China's industrial core software, which requires users to use feedback in particular, this may be the only opportunity; talent action must go from general education to professional breakthrough. and many more. The external expression of various policies also needs to be carefully considered, starting from reality and proceeding from the perspective of international rules: we must know that Chinese manufacturing is under the microscope observation of scholars and politicians all over the world.
Why Germany's promotion of Industry 4.0 can make China respect as Shengming, let German suppliers sell more automation, machinery and production lines with “Industry 4.0”, and “Made in China 2025”, which is regarded as equivalent in the world. But let Chinese manufacturing be regarded as a thorn?这中间需要做一些技术性的反思和研究，会使得我们此后更好地应对国际贸易环境。
全世界制造业的西洋镜，都在中国。我们在这里有足够多的实践，让我们一一应用，也一一拆穿。大人虎变、君子豹变、小人革面，这是中国发展自有工业史的一个收获过程。三年厉行，始知路远。
——谨以此文表达草民之心，庆祝《中国制造2025》发布三周年。

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