5G standards are set, Chinese companies still have great opportunities

On May 21, Samsung Electronics announced that it will hold the final meeting of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Working Group in Busan, South Korea from May 21st to 25th. This meeting will finalize the relevant standard technologies for 5G commercialization. . And next month, the standards after the review will be officially announced. The industry generally believes that the determination of the 5G standard is not only related to the future technology trend, but more importantly, it involves patent fees and even the state's right to speak, so all major companies are striving for it. Although it seems that foreign technology giants have taken the lead, the development of standards has not yet ended, and Chinese companies still have great opportunities.

Commercialization criteria

According to Samsung’s announcement, about 1,500 standard experts from chipset, mobile phone and equipment suppliers, including Samsung, Qualcomm, and major mobile operators such as Verizon, AT&T, NTT DoCoMo, KT and SK Telecom will participate. A meeting held in Busan to complete the first edition of the 5G phase.

At this conference, all working groups that develop 5G wireless technology (RAN Working Groups 1-5) will be aggregated to determine the final technology for 5G commercialization, including 5G wireless access technology that provides ultra-high-speed data and ultra-low latency. And a conformance test method for 5G terminals. The RAN4 working group, hosted by Samsung, will determine the radio performance requirements for 5G terminals and base stations including the 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz bands.

It is reported that Huawei, OPPO, vivo and other Chinese mobile phone manufacturers will also participate in the meeting. Yang Chaobin, president of Huawei's 5G product line, said: "According to the plan, the conference will complete the standard technology for 5G independent networking (SA). After the review, it will be officially announced at the US RAN plenary next month, and Huawei has also prepared a proposal. After the standard is determined, the enterprise can be commercialized with standard-based equipment.” OPPO and vivo also indicated that there will be technical manuscript output and participation in the discussion.

According to the Beijing Business Daily reporter, the 5G first edition standard is divided into Non-Stand Alone (NSA) and Stand Alone (SA). Non-independent networking as a transitional solution, with the main goal of improving the bandwidth of hotspots, relying on 4G base stations and 4G core networks; independent networking can realize all the new features of 5G, which is conducive to the full capabilities of 5G. 5G target program. In December last year, 3GPP approved the existing 4G LTE as the 5G non-independent (NSA) standard for connecting 5G hub. The 5G independent (SA) standard will be completed at this Busan meeting. The first standard of the 5G phase will be in the next month. The 3GPP plenary meeting was formally approved in the United States.

In addition, there are three scenarios for the 5G standard. In 2016, 1/3 is determined, and the remaining 2/3 will be determined next month. The three scenarios of the 5G standard are the eMBB scenario coding scheme; the mMTC corresponds to the large-scale IoT service scenario; the URLLC corresponds to the service of low-latency, high-reliability connection such as driverless or industrial automation. The eMBB scene coding scheme corresponds to a large-traffic mobile broadband service scenario such as 3D and ultra-high-definition video. The data channel using LDPC has been determined, and the control channel is Polar.

Samsung's strength in 5G is not to be underestimated. As of this month, Samsung has 1,254 patents in 5G, and Samsung Electronics ranked first in the list of 3GPP member companies that filed 5G standard patents with the European Telecommunications Standardization Organization (ETSI).

Game of patent fees

5G will bring a new wave of global mobile communication technology transformation and construction boom, and it is also a new enthusiasm for Qualcomm, Huawei, ZTE, Ericsson, Samsung and other major technology companies. The 5G standard dispute is essentially a patent. Fight.

Industrial observer Hong Shibin said: "When companies study standards, they will propose a series of related patents. After the standards are determined, all those who use the standards need to pay the patent fees to the party that has obtained the dominance to use the relevant patents. 5G mobile phones are put into commercial use. After that, all mobile phone manufacturers need to pay the patent license fee to the patent. For companies that fail to apply for the standard, losing a standard means not only that the funds spent on the previous R&D standards are not paid back, but also the patents. Huge patent fees."

In November last year, Qualcomm announced a 5G patent charging plan, and 5G mobile phones using Qualcomm mobile network core patents worldwide must pay royalties in accordance with the following terms: single-mode 5G mobile phone 2.275%; multi-mode 5G mobile phone (3G/4G) /5G) 3.25%. For those 5G mobile phones that use Qualcomm mobile network standard core patents and non-core patents at the same time, the charging standard is: 4% for single-mode 5G mobile phones and 5% for multi-mode 5G mobile phones (3G/4G/5G). According to this standard, every time a domestic mobile phone manufacturer sells a mobile phone that sells for 3,000 yuan, it must pay 97.5-150 yuan to Qualcomm.

Qualcomm has always been the hegemon of the patent market. The company has a lot of standard essential patents in the 2G era, especially CDMA. Since then, many 3G technologies have also been developed from CDMA. 3G technologies include CDMA2000, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA. CDMA2000 is dominated by Qualcomm, WCDMA is dominated by Nokia and Ericsson, and TD-SCDMA is dominated by China (mainly ZTE, Huawei, China Mobile, etc.). ), with certain independent intellectual property rights (TD-SCDMA still partially adopts CDMA technology). However, the former two occupy the largest market, and TD-SCDMA is limited to the Chinese market. Although the latter two and Qualcomm do not seem to have a direct relationship, but because Qualcomm masters the core technology of CDMA, whether it is Ericsson or Nokia, or Chinese manufacturers using TD-SCDMA technology, they need to pay patencies to Qualcomm.

In the 4G era, it is FDD-LTE and TD-LTE. Although China-led TD-LTE has independent intellectual property rights, in fact, more than 90% of the patents of the two systems are common. According to some data from the previous Qualcomm monopoly case, Qualcomm still has a lot of LTE patents (regardless of TD-LTE or FDD-LTE). "After the investigation and recognition of the National Development and Reform Commission, Qualcomm can still charge 3.5% of TD-LTE technology. Royalties". This is also an important reason why many Chinese mobile phone manufacturers have signed patent licensing agreements with Qualcomm in 2016.

According to industry insiders, it can be seen that patent fees are crucial for technology companies. Previously, the standard including 5G communication data code and control code has been established. Among the three standards, Huawei lost its dominant position by one vote, only got the standard of control code, and the long code and short code standard were won by Qualcomm. .

The opportunity is still very big

In the view of senior communications expert Xiang Ligang, Chinese companies have not completely lost their opportunities. "In terms of patent fees, no single standard is done by a single company. The same standard has different patents. It only depends on the quantity. Chinese companies and foreign technology giants also have patent crossovers. Interchangeable," Xiang Ligang said.

Hong Shibin believes that Huawei is pleased to win the final solution for the control channel eMBB scene coding. The applicability of Polar encoding to 5G scenes is very high. Huawei uses the Polar code as a channel coding method in the 5G field test to achieve a downlink rate of 27 Gbps. The 27Gbps downlink rate means that it takes only a few seconds to download a large sandbox game like GTA5.

"However, the meaning of this matter does not have to be overstated. Polar Code is not a 5G standard, just a coding scheme. From the 5G application scenario, the eMBB owned by Huawei is only one of the scenarios of 5G applications." Hong Shibin said.

In the formulation of the 5G standard, Xiang Ligang believes that although 5G has already faced commercial use, the 5G technology is not yet fully mature, and the energy has not been fully released. In the three major application scenarios of 5G, in addition to the eMBB scene coding scheme, the other two scenarios have not yet determined the standard. Autopilot and IoT scenes have great energy release space, and Huawei should continue to work hard to seize these air gaps. "In the big traffic scenario, there is no chance at all. Huawei can continue to test more advanced protocol standards, continue to develop advanced application technologies, and cooperate with Chinese mobile operators to upgrade 5G."

Of course, behind the 5G standard discourse power is the state power, Chinese companies must fight internally to fight for the 5G standard discourse power. In the 5G era, Chinese enterprises represented by Huawei and ZTE have been laid out in advance and have achieved first-mover advantage. However, China's communications industry must have a place in the global 5G era, and still need the coordinated development of relevant enterprises and organizations in the entire industry chain to jointly cope with international communications. Industry opponents.

In addition to Huawei, ZTE also plays an important role in the 5G battle. Among them, in 2017 alone, ZTE has made many important breakthroughs in the 5G field. In February 2017, ZTE released a full range of pre-commercial base stations for 5G, and launched the 5G bearer solution based on IP+ optical. Flexhual; in October of the same year, ZTE cooperated with Italy Wind Tre and Open Fiber to launch the first 5G pre-commercial network in Europe. In December of the same year, ZTE launched a 5G core product based on a service architecture.

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