The Industrial Internet or Industrial Internet of Things has been used largely in the United States and Europe. It refers to the core technology of the Internet, that is, computing and communication network technology, which is more extensive and deeper in industrial systems, that is, for industrial systems. Comprehensive information. I personally like the term industrial Internet, which covers a wider range of topics, including entities (ie sensing, implementing and controlling devices, products and equipment, etc.), information systems, business processes and people, not too much. Emphasize physical objects. Although the connection to the real thing is very important at present, in a few years, the physical object will become a normal part of the system, and its particularity will be reduced.
Development of the US Manufacturing Innovation Center In the United States, President Obama began a series of policy initiatives during his first term to revitalize US manufacturing. The most notable result was the creation of a series of manufacturing innovation institutes by the US Manufacturing Innovation Center, which was launched during its second term, through a public-private partnership (Public-Private Partnership). Manufacturing InnovaTIon InsTItute), which forms a network and is distributed throughout the country. The government provides a total of between $50 million and $110 million for each research institute with a five-year period; the other 50% is funded by businesses and other non-government sources. These innovation institutes are designed to foster innovation in emerging industries, promote technology transformation, and support early development of products and services with application prospects by creating an innovative ecosystem that aggregates corporate, government, and academia resources, integrating people, ideas, and technologies. To promote the early entry of new products into the market; at the same time, and focus on training manufacturing labor and technical talent.
Each Innovation Institute has a specific and specific topic, focusing on some of the key manufacturing technologies with potential, combined to cover a wide range of materials, including advanced materials (new fiber and textile, composite, lightweight, advanced silicon carbide and GaN semiconductor materials), advanced processes and technologies (integrated photonic devices, additive manufacturing, wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power devices, flexible hybrid boards, biopharmaceuticals, cell tissue biomanufacturing, modular chemical process enhancement engineering) Advanced equipment (advanced robots), energy-saving technologies (net energy manufacturing, reducing energy and carbon emissions) and information manufacturing. In the narrow sense of intelligent manufacturing, that is, the informationization of manufacturing, only 1.5 of the existing 14 research institutes (informatization manufacturing and energy optimization).
Since the concept of a market economy is deeply rooted in the United States, the government's technical and commercial influence is quite limited, and it is difficult to directly and practically intervene (except through tax regulation). For example, the US Manufacturing Innovation Center pointed out in its 2016 annual report that its focus is on shortening the distance between technological inventions from universities and research institutions to the factory floor. The role of the federal government is limited to creating a business-led space for applied research collaboration on key opportunities facing US manufacturing. The results of these innovative research institutes will contribute to the development of manufacturing in the United States, but the operating cycle of these projects is 5-7 years, and its impact will be effectively evaluated after several years. In general, it can be predicted that the United States will continue to promote and rely on the continuous exploration and practice of new technologies and new business models by innovative companies, especially start-ups, in industrial Internet and smart manufacturing. Realized by the realization of its own business value and driven by market competition.
For the informationization process of manufacturing enterprises, in simple terms, it is the first step to improve the informationization of various businesses and production links, such as the PPL-based product chain in all aspects of the EPR-based value chain. The deployment and use of appropriate industrial software at all stages, as well as the implementation of MES in the production environment at the intersection of these two chains, are fundamental. The second step is to interconnect the information modules (specialized industrial software) in these links, gradually automate the process in the value chain and product chain, and enable the collection of data in all aspects of production. At the same time, as a third step, the equipment is connected, the equipment operation and the data of the product in the production process are collected, and the production process is optimized through data analysis. The fourth step, after collecting enough data on products, equipment, and production and business processes, can perform comprehensive big data analysis across different cycles and across production and business processes to identify and eliminate efficiency and performance bottlenecks for the entire Macroscopic optimization of production and business processes. The final fifth step is to open up the interconnection of information systems between enterprises in the ecological circle, realize the synergy between business and production among enterprises, extend the scope of optimization to the ecological circle, and implement the connection to the products deployed by customers. The service life extension of the product's full lifecycle management opens up opportunities for the business transformation of the enterprise.
Figure | Digital Manufacturing Management Process
These steps can be used as a basic reference for the overall route of informationization of manufacturing enterprises, but there is no need to implement them step by step. At the beginning, we should first develop a strategic vision of enterprise informationization and intelligence based on the unique core value of each company. In the specific implementation, guided by the strategic vision, driven by business value, with advanced technology as the means, with the business problem that must be solved as a breakthrough, through a small to large, simple to complex iterative development process to achieve Value and strategic vision.
American companies are paying more and more attention to the digitalization of the industry, especially when Wall Street analysts have begun to ask the CEO of a listed company about the company's industrial Internet or digital strategy. The degree of informatization in American companies is also uneven. The informationization of defense, aerospace and large-scale high-value equipment manufacturers is relatively perfect, and the informationization of high-flow products such as automobiles and their spare parts manufacturers will be relatively perfect, but other The informatization of enterprises, especially those of low-flow engineering products, is still in the process of development. Some companies that started early in informatization faced some very different challenges, such as how to standardize the various types of industrial software within the enterprise but from different vendors, or how to update the old deployments that have been deployed for many years but are still running on the mainframe. Old industrial software.
Different companies have different strategies in their digitization. There are companies like GE and Caterpillar that combine deep industrial knowledge with digitalization to take advantage of the digitalization and connectivity of new equipment, to provide customers with equipment maintenance, and to transform business models from sales equipment. , to sales services, and ultimately to sales effectiveness, in these processes continue to increase the proportion of software in the overall value structure of its products, that is, more and more use of software to create value. Some of these companies, such as GE, have further provided their capabilities and experience to other industry customers through the industrial Internet platform, thus becoming a provider of industrial software service platforms. And many other companies are quietly enhancing and improving the informationization within the enterprise, optimizing business processes, improving the use efficiency of equipment and reducing costs (such as starting to implement predictive maintenance), while paying great attention to how to use products. Connectivity, collecting data, providing customers with more and better services, creating higher value for customers, and thus opening up new revenue for the company.
Recently, some survey reports indicate that the vast majority of US manufacturing companies attach great importance to and vigorously promote industrial Internet technology to digitally transform production resources and processes to achieve optimization. More than three-quarters of companies have deployed certain industrial Internet solutions, and 98% of them say these deployments are important or important to the business. And those that have not yet deployed, more than 85% have plans to start deployment within a year.
On the other hand, GE, the pioneer of the industrial Internet, has recently performed poorly in the market, causing concern among some insiders, whether it is a setback for the industrial Internet. My personal opinion is that the basic concept, direction and path of the industrial Internet are in line with the trend of technology development and the value of business value. GE's market performance is in my opinion, mainly related to business operations and market growth. In the past few years, GE's transformation of its structure aims to become a more pure industrial enterprise, focusing on high growth potential. Industries that include digitization have made a lot of investments, but these investments require a certain amount of time to produce the corresponding benefits, and it is impossible to provide sufficient economic returns immediately. The industrial Internet or industry digitalization has just started, and the process will take a long time.
At present, there are the US Industrial Internet Reference Architecture IIRA, the German Industry 4.0 Reference Architecture Model RAMI4.0, and the Japanese Industrial Value Chain Program IVI. There is also the Industrial Internet Architecture (version 1.0) of the Industrial Internet Industry Alliance. These reference frameworks for industrial informatization, although they differ in their starting point, perspective of thinking, and application areas of concern, all share the core concepts and technical foundations for the comprehensive informationization of the industry.
Focusing on cross-industry versatility and interoperability, IIRA provides a methodology and model to drive system design with business value and data analysis as the core to drive end-to-end optimization of industrial networking systems from equipment to business information systems.
Figure | Industrial Internet Reference Architecture published by the American Industrial Internet Alliance (Source: IIRA1.8)
RAMI 4.0 focuses on the manufacturing process and the life cycle of the value chain, creating a relatively complete 3D model. This model is very valuable in the analysis of the functions of different units in the manufacturing environment, the identification of interoperability requirements, and the development and adoption of corresponding standards. More worthy of attention is related to the industrial 4.0 component model, providing a unified CPS model for all assets including digital components, equipment, production lines, workshops, factories, and even information systems, describing its functions and performance. And state, and for their interaction, provide a unified interface from communication protocols, syntax and semantics. Its wide implementation will play a very important role in promoting the full interconnection of various systems in the manufacturing environment.
Figure | Industry 4.0 Reference Architecture Model RAMI 4.0
The recently released IVI combines the traditional elements of quality, cost and efficiency (output) that the manufacturing industry has pursued with the management of environmental requirements, combined with the assets (people, processes, products and factories) of the production environment and the operational processes ( From the perspective of planning, execution, inspection and response, the intelligent manufacturing unit is subdivided, and the optimization of the informatization in the production process is carefully analyzed. Then the overall functional module architecture of intelligent manufacturing is proposed, in different equipments and workshops. At the level of departments, enterprises and enterprises, it is quite unique to analyze the specific functional components of each link of knowledge/engineering process (equivalent to product chain) and supply process (equivalent to value chain).
Figure | 3D view of the smart manufacturing unit in the Japanese Industrial Value Chain Program
The Industrial Internet Architecture (Version 1.0) released by China's Industrial Internet Industry Alliance at the beginning of the year regards network, data and security as the three core systems of the industrial Internet architecture, and its current status and development trends, especially for the manufacturing industry. In-depth analysis and recommendations for implementation. This architecture also classifies and analyzes the application of industrial Internet support. From the perspective of industry to the Internet, it is divided into four categories, including intelligent production within enterprises, networked collaboration among enterprises, and individuality between enterprises and users. Customization, and service extension between enterprises and products. These have a guiding role in the development of the industrial Internet.
Figure | Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (Version 1.0)
Recently, the US Industrial Internet Alliance and the German Industry 4.0 organization jointly released a white paper on the analysis of the connection between IIRA and RAMI4.0, pointing out that IIRA and RAMI4.0 have many correspondingities and similarities in concepts, methods and models. And the differences are highly complementary, and each can complement each other. This conclusion has a good effect on reducing the uncertainty caused by the existence of multiple architectures. I believe this conclusion is applicable between these several architectures. Therefore, strengthening international cooperation in this respect will be beneficial to the development of industrial Internet and intelligent manufacturing both domestically and internationally.
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