(Original title: AI deceives people too Ke Jie is injured, but scientists say that the human brain is many times stronger than AI)
Jiang Xuan
"I was a member of the Chess National team. In the first man-machine battle in 1996, my idol 'Chess King' Kasparov beat the computer 'dark blue' 4:2. When he competed with Li Shishi in 2016, We think (the computer) won't win, and the result wins. Then Ke Jie loses this year... We feel very hurt playing chess.â€
Recently, the 2017 Future Forum was held in Beijing. In a brain science workshop at the forum, a professional chess player admitted that he was "harmed" by AlphaGo.
In fact, his idols were also hurt.
On October 19, the Google artificial intelligence team published a paper claiming that AlphaGo's "evolutionary version" -- AlphaGo Zero took only 40 days to self-taught victory over its predecessor -- won a 3-0 victory over Ke Jie in May this year. AlphaGo Master.
Ke Jie sighed: "For AlphaGo's self-improvement ... human beings are too much."
Last week, "robot beauty" Sophia was officially granted citizenship by Saudi Arabia. This should be the first time in human history. In the near future, "Silver Wings Killer 2049" is portrayed depicting love and hatred among humans and copying people. For decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become blue and blue, and human beings have collapsed as self-confidence of the “spirit of everythingâ€. Where is the human brain?
People will lose, but the machine will win?
The cover of the New Yorker's October 23 issue depicts a frightening scene: robots do the same as humans, striding on the street, and “small humans†are kneeling on the side of the road and are begging for them.
This is a bit scary scene. You cannot predict whether it will happen or whether it will happen after 10 years or 100 years.
At the brain science forum mentioned above, a group of top scientists wanted to restore the dignity of human beings. They talked about the research on the human brain, and more on the relationship between human brain and artificial intelligence. Of course, the scientists who study the brain ultimately want to tell people that there is no need to worry that the world will be immediately controlled by a computer. The human brain does not know how many times stronger than the computer.
For example, Li Feifei, chief scientist of Google Cloud Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, comforted the aforementioned “injured†chess players. “Go players can feel very hurt, but do you think the machine will be injured? Will the machine experience different injuries like everyone else? This is the difference between the human brain and the computer.â€
Interestingly, Luo Minmin, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Tsinghua University, “struck†him. "People will lose and the machine will win. As long as you set a task or some kind of fixed thing, the machine will do better than people." Luo Minmin said, "The machine will eventually have conscious and emotional, depending on you How to define this emotion, of course, you can never find a human-like artificial intelligence."
Stephen Hawking, a professor at the University of Cambridge, said that once artificial intelligence is released from the shackles, it will re-design itself in an ever-accelerating state, and human beings cannot compete with them due to the limitations of long biological evolution and may be replaced by artificial intelligence.
"I believe there is no essential difference between what the biological brain can achieve and what the computer can achieve." According to Hawking's logic, the arrival of the scene described in "The New Yorker" seems inevitable.
However, to give people a little peace of mind, brain scientists are trying to "prevent" this day.
"In the human brain system, there are more than 10 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. Each neuron has an average of 1,000 inputs and 1,000 outputs. The machine's triode has three output inputs. The transistor is more powerful," said Luo Liqun, a professor at Stanford University and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).
Luo Minmin also mentioned several interesting experiments recently done: There is a region in the head that is used to regulate animal movement and awakening. They extract signals from the animal's brain area, convert it into light signals, and inject another one. The animal's brain area. Later, they discovered that the animals that received the injection of "source" animals followed the movement. This is the direct exchange of information between the brain and the brain. In addition, there is another area in the head that is responsible for controlling predatory behavior. After stimulating this brain area in mice, the animal had a mad predatory attack and only killed it. These experiments show that there are obviously some very special places in the brain.
The complexity and mystery of the human brain exude unique charm and attract generations of researchers.
The classic renewal, "Silver Wings Killer 2049" is released. Humankind has long worried about robots with intelligence.
Luo Liqun introduced that in the process of learning neuroscience, scientists will study the brain at different levels. For example, some people will study how certain proteins work; some people are studying synapses and are overtaking in the brain. One hundred billion synapses allow neurons to communicate; others study how the brain's network conducts in behavior, and so on. These studies and integrations at different levels of the brain are one of the most exciting developments of the past decade.
It is worth noting that studies in many disciplines, such as physics, medicine, and history, are more or less related to brain science. The connection between computer science and brain science is even closer.
"Deep learning" is too primitive
Breakthrough technology "depth learning" in artificial intelligence mainly simulates the human brain's reaction to new things. The human brain has a large number of brain cells called neurons. The reason why people can think is because these neurons are connected to each other and handle various kinds of information. Similarly, if machines simulate neurons and establish artificial neural network networks, such artificial neural networks can be thought.
However, scientists have given an interesting answer to whether this way of thinking can reach the same level as the human brain: “We can store a lot of systems stored in computers, but we can't necessarily store individual experiences. “Nicholas Turk-Browne, professor of psychology at Yale University, said.
He cited as an example, if you ask me what is the number of Trump's phone number, I will say I do not know. But if you ask a computer, how does it respond? It will either say that you need to create a database or you need to search your own database.
Turck-Browney believes that artificial intelligence is mainly the ability to simulate and simulate humans. Research on the ability to learn and remember the human brain can help us further develop the capabilities of artificial intelligence systems.
While AlphaGo's Chess Human Player continues to win, there are also many discussions that focus on the "comprehension, creativity, and emotions" of artificial intelligence: artificial intelligence can surpass the human brain in terms of computing power, but in the understanding these are more In terms of in-depth capabilities, it may not be as good as a three-year-old child.
Earlier, Dr. Sophie V. Vandebroek, chief operating officer of IBM Research Institute, told a First Financial reporter that artificial intelligence is a process that requires continuous learning to achieve the same understanding and reasoning capabilities as humans. A long way to go, "I don't think we have a specific timetable."
The Saudis granted the robot Sophia citizenship.
Geoffrey Hinton, known as the Deep Learning Godfather, also mentioned earlier that deep learning has entered a bottleneck. Some scientists began to study the possibility of other technical routes, such as migration learning. In simple terms, migration learning is a way of machine learning and is more suitable for small and medium-sized companies that do not have a large data base.
Ding Jian, Managing Director of Jinshajiang Venture Capital and a member of Future Forum Dingjian, told the reporter of the First Financial Intelligence Bureau that “brain science is the largest piece of human unknown territory and it is also a field closest to us. Each of its progress can bring us Surprise." At the same time, he believes that the development of technology is also promoting the progress of brain science research. However, from an investment point of view, the talent pool is crucial to the investment in cutting-edge technology. Therefore, his focus on brain science is still in the interest stage.
"Deep learning (compared to the human brain) is too primitive. The human brain is more intelligent and magical. It is impossible to think that computers exceed the human brain at least for the time being," said Ding Jian.
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