The shipborne UAV system is divided into functions according to functions, including aircraft platform, measurement and control and information transmission system (referred to as measurement and control system ), mission load system, ship surface comprehensive support system, navigation flight control system and so on. As an important part of the shipborne UAV system, the shipborne UAV measurement and control system realizes remote control, telemetry, tracking and positioning and information transmission of the shipborne drone, including data link and ship surface control station, among which the data link The system includes measurement equipment, information transmission equipment, data relay equipment, and the like.
The UAV measurement and control system is quite different from the aerospace measurement and control system. The space measurement and control system is mainly for fixed-orbit aircraft outside the atmosphere. The UAV is mainly flying in the atmosphere, and the measurement and control environment is complex, while the shipborne UAV measurement and control system Compared with the general UAV measurement and control system, the measurement and control environment is more complicated, and it is more important to pay attention to the real-time, interoperability, anti-interference and adaptability of the measurement and control system.
This paper summarizes the key technologies of shipborne UAV measurement and control system by studying the existing technology and new technology of shipborne UAV measurement and control system, including shipborne UAV data link communication technology, ship surface measurement and control station technology and Antenna design technology.
2, shipborne drone data link communication technologyThe shipborne UAV data link is a kind of data that is used to transmit formatted tactical information in accordance with the specified communication protocol and message standard between the ship surface measurement and control station, the command information system, and the drone. Information system. It can be closely integrated with the measurement and control station, the drone system and the command system to closely connect the relatively scattered detection units and accusation systems in geospatial space to ensure real-time, reliable and accurate information such as intelligence, command and control, and drone cooperation. The ground transmission realizes information sharing, which is convenient for the commander to grasp the target area in real time, shorten the information acquisition time, and improve the command speed and the cooperative combat capability of the drone system.
In order to meet the development needs of future combat missions, drone platforms and mission loads, UAVs control data link technology faces challenges in terms of data transmission capability, anti-jamming capability, security and confidentiality, and networking.
2.1 High-speed data transmission technology
The transmission capability of the UAV data link generally refers to the downlink transmission rate, which mainly depends on the resolution of the task sensor, the frame rate, the scope of the data link, the device size, and the installation conditions. The transmission speed of foreign UAV line-of-sight data links is generally 1.544 Mbps, 8.144 Mbps, and 10.71 Mbps, which can meet the requirements of general tactical reconnaissance and surveillance. In the future, with the application of synthetic aperture, airborne early warning radar and high-resolution, multi-spectral, multi-combination sensor equipment on drones, the data transmission rate will reach 1.48 Mbps to 3 Gbps, and even higher, for drone data. The transmission rate and capacity of the chain put forward higher requirements.
In order to adapt to the development of high-resolution, multi-spectral and multi-combined sensors, it is necessary to greatly improve the transmission capacity of the data link. The following aspects of technology research should be strengthened. It mainly includes "four in one" integrated channel synthesis technology; UAV video compression coding technology; laser communication data link technology.
(1) The “four-in-one†integrated channel system refers to a unified carrier system for tracking, telemetry, remote control and information transmission. That is, video information transmission and telemetry share one channel, and video and telemetry signals are used for tracking and angle measurement, and remote control is used. Telemetry for ranging. Video and telemetry share channels in two ways: one is analog video signal and telemetry data subcarrier frequency division transmission; the other is digital video data and telemetry composite data transmission. With the "four-in-one" integrated channel system, it is necessary to solve the problem of high-precision automatic tracking of antennas that directly receive wideband modulated signals.
(2) UAV video compression coding technology refers to the use of strong correlation of video image data, the redundant information is divided into spatial domain redundant information and time domain redundancy information, and the compression technology is to remove the redundant information in the data. (Removing the correlation between data), compression techniques include intra-frame image data compression techniques, inter-frame image data compression techniques, and entropy coding compression techniques. According to the characteristics of UAV use, high-definition video digital compression coding technology with low storage overhead (suitable for airborne conditions), strong real-time performance (small delay), and good image quality (small distortion) should be studied.
(3) The laser communication data link can provide a much larger data transmission rate than the existing microwave communication link, and foreign related technologies can transmit tens of megabits of data per second. By 2030, drone measurement and control systems need to reach data rates of 500 Mbit/s (line of sight) or above, and high-speed data links between satellite relay links and drones will need to provide higher data transmission capabilities. This can make breakthroughs in the new optical communication system and carry out practical research.
2.2 Data anti-interference transmission technology
UAV measurement and control and communication data link anti-interference technology refers to the use of spread spectrum anti-interference technology, adaptive interference suppression technology, source and channel coding technology to ensure the smooth operation of the drone. In order to improve the anti-jamming performance of the system, reduce the intercept probability and detection probability, combined with the characteristics of the drone, the following aspects of the technology should be strengthened.
(1) Anti-jamming technology develops from single-technology anti-jamming to multiple technologies, from single physical layer anti-jamming to multi-layer combined with network layer and application layer to optimize anti-interference; from single device Anti-jamming develops to comprehensive anti-interference at the system level and network level.
(2) Study the anti-jamming intelligent zeroing antenna. The intelligent zeroing antenna adopts array signal processing and digital beamforming technology to form a zero point in the direction of the interference source, and the zeroing depth can reach more than 20 dB, thereby realizing airspace anti-interference.
(3) Study adaptive interference-to-school techniques. The wideband wanted signal and the narrowband interfering signal feature are distinct in the frequency domain. According to this feature, the interfering signal can be detected and eliminated using adaptive trapping filtering techniques.
(4) Study cognitive-based anti-jamming techniques. Cognitive-based anti-jamming technology is a new technology that combines spectrum sensing, spectrum management, and link transmission parameter reconfiguration. It uses spectrum sensing technology to obtain the occupancy of the spectrum space, provides a selectable alternate channel through spectrum management, and establishes the link on the new transmission channel to avoid the frequency band where the interference signal is located, thereby realizing reliable transmission of data.
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