The Shanghai electric light source industry originated in the 1880s. In the fifth year of April of the Guangxu reign of Emperor Guangxu (May 28, 1879), Bi Xiaopu, an electrical engineer of the Public Concession Bureau, experimented with a successful carbon arc lamp in a warehouse in Zhangpu Road, Hongkou, Shanghai, and announced the first electric lamp in China. In the eight years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, the British opened the Shanghai Electric Company and set up a 6.4-kilometer-long line along the Bund to the Hongkou Investment Promotion Terminal, followed by 15 arcs of light with a brightness of 2,000 candles (2038 kandra). At 7:00 pm on June 12 of the same year, the power plant began to supply electricity, and 15 lights under the night were bright, attracting hundreds of people. In the 16th year of Guangxu Emperor Guangxu, in February, Shanghai began to use incandescent lamps for home lighting. With the increase in the use of incandescent lamps, in 1917, the American company singular Andy Electric Co., Ltd. (also known as General Electric Company), invested 1 million and two silver in Shanghai to open a subsidiary, using tungsten and molybdenum materials to produce exotic incandescent bulbs, the annual output is 50,000. In 1921, the national industrial and commercial worker Hu Xiyuan successfully produced the first domestic incandescent lamp. In 1923, he bought the Lutheran Electric Company of Gansu, and hired Auburn as an engineer to open the China Yapuer Electrical Appliance Factory. An electric light source enterprise opened by national capital. In 1929, Gan Jingqiu and other national industrial and commercial people founded Huade Electro-optical Co., Ltd. to produce vacuum filament bulbs.
“Yapuer†wrote the glory of the national lighting industry. With the development of incandescent lamp production, other light source products have also appeared. In 1927, Xu Shizhen succeeded in making small electric beads, and opened the Gongming Electric Bead Factory in Zhabei Dongyang Garden to produce the Sun and Moon cards, the glorious brand 2.5 volts, the 3.8 volt small electric beads, and the Christmas bubble. Best-selling in the Yangtze River Valley and North China.
During the First World War, the electric light source industry of Shanghai National Capital developed. In addition to the large scales of Yapuer and Huade, more than 20 small and medium-sized factories were opened. After the end of the war, foreign capital has come back. In 1932, four foreign companies, such as the US singularity, OSRAM, Philips, and TUNGRAM, formed an electric light source industrial trust neutralizing light bulb company, with an annual output of 5 to 6 million light bulbs, occupying the Chinese market. Although the national electric light source industry has been severely hit, the national electric light source industry has finally been able to survive under the support of Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Qilu University, Zhongshan University, the Central Research Institute and the public, and the promotion of domestic products to boycott foreign goods. And got development. In the 25th year of the Republic of China, the Northeast Patriotic General Zhang Xueliang invested in the Yapuer Electrical Appliance Factory to encourage the expansion of production scale and put the products into the Northeast market. By 1937, the power plant had grown to nearly one hundred, and the daily output of electric bead was 1.5 million, which was exported to Hong Kong, India, Nanyang, Britain and France.
On August 13, 1937, the Japanese invaders attacked Shanghai. Most of the electric light source factories are located in Hongkou, Zhabei and Jiangwan. The factory of East Jiaxing Road of Huanan Electric Appliance Factory was completely destroyed by the Japanese army, and the loss of the legal currency was 35,000 yuan. Its Meilu Road (now Siping Road) Yaohua Electrical Appliance Factory was robbed by the Japanese army and lost 127,200 yuan. After the fall of Shanghai, except for Huade Company, which was able to maintain production, the singular Andysheng company was occupied by the Japanese army. Some of China’s Yapuer Electrical Appliance Factory moved to Chongqing, and some of it remained in the Kangnao Road (now Kangding Road) branch. The Liaoyang Road workshop was also occupied by the Japanese army.
In August 1945, Japan defeated and surrendered, and the Shanghai electric light source industry tried to revive the old industry. Hu Xiyuan, general manager of China Yapuer Electric Appliance Factory, returned to Shanghai to resume the Liaoyang Road General Plant and the Xikang Road and Kangding Road Branch, with an annual output of 900,000 bulbs. Huade Bulb Factory also moved back to the original site of Ouyang Road, with an annual output of 400,000 bulbs. Around 1947, Huade Bulb Factory, China Yapule Electrical Appliance Factory and China Fluorescent Lamp Factory began trial production of fluorescent lamps. Gongming Electric Bead Factory built a new factory in Jiangwan, increased equipment and expanded production. However, due to the long-term suspension of production, some of the electric bead factories could not improve their production technology, and the market was full of foreign goods, and they were forced to close down. In 1949, the Shanghai Electrical Equipment Industry Association was established, of which 62 factories producing bulbs, electric beads, filaments, lamp holders and bulbs, but most of them were in a state of dying.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the electric light source industry has developed rapidly. After the establishment of the new China, the US government unreasonably frozen China's US property. On January 12, 1951, the Shanghai Military Control Commission regulated the US-based singular Andyson Company, and in 1952. On June 30, the company was requisitioned, and the state-owned Shanghai Light Bulb Factory was established. The trademark was changed to Renmin. This is the first state-owned enterprise in Shanghai Electric Light Source Industry. At the same time, the government implemented socialist transformation of private industry and commerce, and resumed and developed production through entrusted processing, unified purchase and underwriting. After the public-private partnership in the whole industry in 1956, after the economic restructuring, the 24 private light bulb factories and the state-owned Shanghai light bulb factory were merged into four major light bulb enterprises, namely: Shanghai Light Bulb Factory, Yapu Er Bulb Factory (predecessor of Yaming Bulb Factory), Huade Bulb Factory, United Bulb Factory. In 36 private electric bead factories (including filaments, lamp holders, and bulb factories), 10 companies including Gongming, Maochang and Baoji were identified as central factories, and other factories were merged into the central factories.
By adjusting the reorganization and developing production, the general lighting bulbs are complete, with specifications ranging from 15 to 1000 watts, and the development of new varieties such as photo bulbs, projection bulbs, aluminized reflective bulbs, and automobile bulbs. In 1957, the output of ordinary lighting bulbs in Shanghai increased from 11.91 million in 1949 to 50.09 million, accounting for 72.6% of the national total. Since 1958, the various bead factories have been converted into special light bulbs, and the festival decoration bubble, mining head bulb, instrument bulb and so on have been developed.
Shanghai electric light source industry began to explore new light sources in the 1960s. A second generation high intensity gas discharge source was developed from a first generation source that emits light with tungsten wire. The earliest developed high-intensity gas discharge lamp in Shanghai is the electric light source research room of Fudan University and Yaming Bulb Factory. In 1963, they successfully produced the first fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp, which enabled the upgrading of Shanghai electric light source products. Since then, the development of high-intensity gas discharge lamps has seen new developments. On the basis of high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halides are introduced into the arc. This metal halide lamp is called the third-generation light source, marking a higher level in the industrial process of Shanghai electric light source. The metal halide lamps developed in Shanghai began to have products such as xenon iodide lamps, xenon lamps, and sodium neodymium indium lamps. The cesium iodide lamp from Shanghai Yaming Bulb Factory was first used as an airport signal light. The first batch of indium lamps from Shanghai Bulbs No. 3 Factory is equipped with projectors, 400-1000 watts and 3.5 kW xenon lamps and sodium-niobium indium lamps, suitable for film light sources and large-area lighting.
During this period, the Shanghai electric light source industry extended to many parties. With the four major light bulb companies of Shanghai Instrument and Telecommunications System as the backbone, we will expand the production of ordinary incandescent and fluorescent lamps and develop various gas discharge lamps and tungsten halogen lamps. In addition to the Yaming Bulb Factory, Huade, United, and Shanghai Bulb Factory gradually turned to vacuum electronic device production. In 1960, Huade Bulb Factory was changed to Shanghai Electronic Tube Factory. The light source part of the factory was changed to Shanghai Electronic Tube Second Factory; the joint light bulb factory was changed to Shanghai Electronic Tube Third Factory, and later changed to Shanghai Electronic Component Research Institute. Shanghai Light Industry System, formerly known as Gongming, Maochang, Baojiu, etc., has been further adjusted to develop special light bulbs to form Shanghai Light Bulb No. 3 Factory, Shanghai Special Light Bulb Factory, Shanghai Special Light Bulb Second Factory, Third Factory and Fourth Factory. The streets and township electric light source industries in Shanghai districts and counties have also continued to grow. In addition, the neon lights of the Shanghai commercial system, the lamps of the two-light system, and the special light source industry of education and scientific research systems are all spreading rapidly.
Yazi brand bulbs become well-known brand-name products With the deepening of economic system reform, Shanghai Electric Light Source Industry has accelerated the adjustment of corporate structure and product structure to a larger scale. In April 1987, 10 lighting companies such as Yaming Bulb Factory of Shanghai Instrument and Telecommunications System jointly established Shanghai Lighting Appliance Co., Ltd. (Asian Group). Among them, Yaming Factory made a profit of 327.79 million yuan in the 33 years from 1957 to 1989, which is equivalent to 72 times of fixed assets in 1956. The whole plant has formed 10 systematic production lines. The main products include more than 400 varieties of general lighting bulbs, fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps. Yazi brand bulbs have become well-known brand products at home and abroad.
In November 1987, 11 light source enterprises of Shanghai Light Industry System formed a compact Shanghai Electric Light Source Company. After the establishment of the company, the company actively adjusted the production layout, optimized the product structure, and formed a large-scale economic entity with relatively complete categories, advanced production technology and strong coordination and supporting capabilities. It owns a series of automobile and tractor bulbs with Shanghai Special Light Bulb Factory as its production base; a compact fluorescent lamp series with Shanghai Special Bulb No.2 Factory as its production base; and high-intensity gas discharge lamps and tungsten halogen lamps with Shanghai Bulb No.3 Factory as its production base. Series; lighting series with Shanghai Guangyao Film Photographic Equipment Factory as the production base; electric light source material series with Shanghai Electric Light Source Materials General Factory as the production base; supporting lamp series with Shanghai Dengtou No.2 Factory and Dengtou No.3 Factory as the production base. A large number of light source products with modern international advanced level have been rapidly developed. By 1990, the electric light source company had developed 117 new products and won more than 50 kinds of products. Among them, Xiangyang XQ3000 watt spherical xenon lamp won the national gold medal.
Shanghai has become an important electric light source production base in China. It started from the 1960s in the suburban county township electric light source industry. By 1990, it had grown to 110 enterprises (including 66 lighting factories), especially in Jiading County. . In October 1990, the county's United Bulb Factory, Nanxiang Bulb Factory, Nanxiang Bulb Factory, and Guangming Lamp Factory jointly established Jiabao Lighting Appliance Co., Ltd., the first home appliance light source group in Shanghai suburbs, with an annual output of 200 million light bulbs. Only, accounting for 10% of the national total, with an annual output of 640 million lamps, accounting for 33% of the national total, has become an important production base for ordinary light bulbs nationwide.
In addition, Shanghai Huguang Lighting General Factory of Shanghai Second Light System mainly produces 2D and double U-type energy-saving lamps series with advanced level in the 1980s. It is a collection of light source, lamps, lamp electrical accessories and lamp tubes in Shanghai lighting industry. Supporting backbone enterprises. Shanghai Neon Electric Appliance Factory of Shanghai Commercial System has become the largest professional factory for manufacturing neon lights in the country. In 1990, the total production value reached 10 million yuan.
Since the advent of the first domestic light bulb in 1921, the current LED light-saving lamps and electrodeless lamps have undergone major changes in their scale and pattern. From the beginning, only a small factory with more than 10 people has developed into a large and medium-sized enterprise with a certain scale and a light source group with tens of thousands of people; the products can only produce simple ordinary incandescent lamps and small electric beads, and can produce the most advanced internationally. The fourth generation of light sources. China's electric light source industry has kept pace with the development of international light source technology.
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