For a long time, China has been subject to people in the field of general-purpose CPUs. The deep convergence of information and communication technologies and the rapid development of cloud computing/big data and SDN/NFV are driving the evolution of computing architecture, network architecture and storage architecture towards generalization. This puts new requirements for the specifications of the Internet server CPU, and also brings a new round of golden development opportunities for China's development of the CPU industry. China should use the Internet server CPU as the entry point to achieve safe and autonomous development in the field of high-end servers and general-purpose CPUs.
CPU industry faces new demandsCloud computing drives the evolution of computing architectures to general-purpose servers. The cloud computing model is transforming the information technology industry chain and pushing servers to evolve from traditional minicomputers to general purpose servers. At the same time, the Internet server required for cloud computing mainly focuses on low-power and low-cost large-scale deployment. The processing capacity requirements for a single CPU and a single server are much lower than those of a conventional general-purpose server. The ARM architecture server chip has low power consumption. The advantages of low instruction complexity and low development cost have gradually attracted attention. Both Qualcomm and AMD have recently launched server chips based on ARM architecture, and HP is also using ARM architecture chips in its latest servers.
SDN and NFV drive the evolution of network architecture to general purpose servers. SDN and NFV technologies make network devices no longer rely on dedicated hardware. Based on general-purpose servers, flexible sharing of resources, rapid development and deployment of new services, and cloud, pipe, and end-capable networking capabilities can be achieved. Central applications have gradually become the preferred solution. At present, more and more enterprises are actively deploying around SDN/NFV. For example, Cisco and Intel jointly develop SDN/NFV solutions based on X86 general-purpose servers. Qualcomm and other companies have developed ARM-based Internet server chips to break the Intel monopoly.
Internet applications are driving the evolution of CPUs to heterogeneous and customized. With the rapid development of the mobile Internet, Internet companies have rapidly increased the processing demand for single applications such as search, data analysis, and computing, which has created a need for customization of server CPU chips.
By adopting a self-designed or deeply customized CPU chip, Internet companies can improve the processing power of CPUs for specific applications, reduce server power consumption levels, and reduce hardware operating costs. Companies such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon have increased their R&D investment in server chips. At the same time, Intel has actively adjusted its strategy to provide customized services according to the requirements of various Internet companies.
Artificial intelligence and brain-like computing drive the integration of computing and storage. Traditional CPUs face bottlenecks such as inefficiency, storage bandwidth and limited capacity when dealing with emerging applications such as neural networks and artificial intelligence. For example, Google's brain needs 16,000 CPU cores to run for 7 days to complete unsupervised cat face learning. Integrating the deep learning processor in the Internet server, through the deep integration of computing and storage, realizes the functions of computing, analyzing, transmitting and storing massive data, which has become an urgent need for emerging applications such as artificial intelligence and brain-like computing.
China's development of the CPU industry conditions already availableThere is a large market demand. The rapid development of the domestic Internet industry has led to the construction of a large number of data centers, and China is becoming the fastest growing demand for Internet servers worldwide. According to IDC statistics, in 2015, China shipped 2.11 million servers, accounting for 20% of the global market, with a year-on-year growth rate of 18.8%. Among them, Alibaba's purchase volume is similar to that of Brazil, Tencent's purchase volume exceeds that of South Korea, and Baidu's purchase volume is equivalent to that of New Zealand. In addition to the Internet sector, server market demand in government agencies and key industry sectors is also growing at the same time, and the compound growth rate is expected to exceed 10% in the next five years.
The industrial base is strong. In 2015, China's network economy revenue exceeded 1.1 trillion for the first time. At the same time, China has accounted for 4 of the top 10 Internet companies in the world, namely Ali, Tencent, Baidu, Jingdong, and 12 of the top 30 companies in China. . According to the 2015 annual report of each company, Tencent's operating income was 102.863 billion yuan, up 30% year-on-year; Alibaba's operating income was 101.14 billion yuan, up 33% year-on-year; Baidu's operating income was 66.68 billion yuan, up 35.3% year-on-year. China's major Internet companies are currently in a period of rapid development and have a good industrial base.
The technical foundation has obvious advantages. From the perspective of ecology and technology, the Internet server CPU product technology and the mobile intelligent terminal CPU have high overlap and good reusability. At this stage, China has formed a leading enterprise such as HiSilicon, Ziguang Zhanrui in the mobile phone field by virtue of market advantages. It can compete with foreign giants in the market. At the same time, it also accumulates a group of high-end technical talents and independent intellectual property rights, and has the technical foundation for developing Internet server CPU.
The ecological foundation is basically perfect. The server CPU industry has a short ecological chain, and its operating system and application requirements are relatively small, which is relatively easy to implement. China has formed a relatively complete industrial ecosystem in the Internet field. At the same time, Google, Facebook, Amazon and other Internet vendors have also proved that Internet companies can control everything from chip design, manufacturing, packaging and testing to software and middleware, and gain more voice.
Vigorously promote the development of China's CPU industryTo seize the opportunity of ICT industry integration development, the Internet server CPU should be used as the entry point. First, the development of the national CPU design and manufacturing capacity improvement roadmap, long-term continuous investment, around the core needs of the Internet data center, the introduction of incentive support policies, and vigorously promote the development of China's Internet server CPU industry. The second is to give play to the advantages of the big market and promote the authorization of Chinese enterprises to obtain the international mainstream CPU architecture. The company encourages Internet companies, network communication companies, and server-based enterprises to self-develop chips. It is first safe and controllable in the server field, and then gradually realizes self-control.
Explore the collaborative innovation development model and build a server CPU independent industry ecosystem. First, strengthen the communication and cooperation between chips, complete machines, software, operating systems, applications and other enterprises, set up a server CPU chip alliance, explore the model of the list, and jointly overcome key core technologies. The second is to build CPU-related infrastructure in a state-dominated manner, including design tools, simulation platforms, dedicated CPU process lines, and package test platforms to provide continuous global support for CPU design verification. It is to promote the ecological environment construction of supporting industries around the “open source community strategyâ€, strengthen the coordinated development of domestic basic software and server CPU hardware platform, and build a complete server CPU independent industrial ecosystem.
Strengthen the basic layout of intellectual property rights and forward-looking research, and strive to achieve sustainable development. The first is to establish a national CPU strategy patent resource pool, absorb patents of domestic enterprises, protect patents of domestic enterprises that join the organization, and support the patent pool to actively acquire foreign patents. The second is to strengthen the construction of supporting disciplines closely related to CPU technology, including computer architecture, system software, computer networks, microelectronics, materials science, and optical engineering. The trick is to increase investment in forward-looking basic research such as quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and brain-like computing, and to increase research on new materials, new structures, and new devices. Accumulate talents in the world, accelerate the reform of the talent system and the introduction of talents. First of all, improve the income distribution system for scientific research personnel, evaluate and support all kinds of talents with market-based standards, and integrate personnel treatment with the market to overcome the shortcomings of financial management of heavy and light people. Secondly, the establishment of talent evaluation mechanism and talent incentive mechanism in line with the characteristics of the chip field, based on actual ability as a measure, not only academic qualifications, not only papers, not qualifications, special policies in the areas of talent share, technology share and taxation. Finally, we will build the ability to allocate talent resources globally, select and introduce high-end talents from a global perspective, support enterprises to set up R&D institutions overseas, and fully exploit and utilize international talent resources.
H05RN-F and H03RN-F are both types of flexible rubber cables commonly used for low voltage applications.
H05RN-F is a harmonized cable that is suitable for various indoor and outdoor applications. It is typically used for light to medium duty applications such as connecting portable electrical equipment, power tools, and appliances. The "H05" in the name refers to the harmonized code for rubber insulated cables with a rated voltage of 300/500V.
H03RN-F is also a harmonized cable, but it is designed for lighter duty applications compared to H05RN-F. It is commonly used for connecting small electrical devices and appliances, as well as for temporary installations. The "H03" in the name refers to the harmonized code for rubber insulated cables with a rated voltage of 300/300V.
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