Many people's weak friends think that these two are used to access the Internet. As for the difference between them, it is not clear what is going on. What is the difference between a switch and a router?
Switch and router difference
One of the differences
The router can automatically assign IP to your LAN, virtual dialing, like a traffic police, directing your computer where to go, you don't have to worry about it. The switch is only used to distribute network data.
Difference two
The router is at the network layer, the router is addressed according to the IP address, the router can handle the TCP/IP protocol, and the switch cannot.
The switch is at the relay layer and the switch is addressed according to the MAC address.
Difference three
A router can assign an IP to a number of hosts, and these hosts only show one IP to the outside. The switch can connect many hosts, each of which has its own IP.
Difference four
The router provides a firewall service that the switch cannot provide. Hubs and switches are all port extensions, which are to expand the access point of the LAN (usually Ethernet), which allows the LAN to connect to more computers. Routers are used to connect between networks, that is, to connect to different networks.
Difference five
For example: the router is equivalent to the post office, the letter is delivered to the recipient address, and its task is completed. But the letter arrived at your dormitory, and this address is not exclusive to you alone, so the uncle Wang is also responsible for giving the letter to you, he will not care about the address of the recipient, only the name of the recipient Then make an inside call and ask you to get the letter.
If you don't have a post office, you can't send letters to beautiful girls from all over the world, and you can't receive letters from beautiful girls outside the building. However, because of the existence of the uncle Wang, you can still communicate with him through the good friends of the same dormitory.
The system consisting of all post offices is the "wide area network", and your dormitory building is the "local area network". The construction of the local area network does not require a router.
The difference between a three-layer switch and a router
Although they all have routing capabilities.
However, the main function of the Layer 3 switch is still data exchange. Its routing function is usually simple, because it is mainly a simple LAN connection. The routing path is far less complicated than that of the router. Its main purpose in the LAN is still Provide fast data exchange function to meet the application characteristics of frequent LAN data exchange.
The main function of the router is the routing function. Its routing function is more reflected in the interconnection between different types of networks, such as the connection between the LAN and the WAN, the connection between the networks of different protocols, etc., so the router is mainly used. Between different types of networks. Its main function is routing and forwarding. It is the ultimate goal to solve the connection of various complex routing path networks. Therefore, the routing function of the router is usually very powerful, not only applicable to the LAN of the same protocol, but also suitable for different protocols. Between the LAN and the WAN. Its advantages are the choice of routers with optimal routing, load sharing, link backup, and exchange of routing information with other networks. In order to connect with various types of networks, the interface type of the router is very rich, and the three-layer switch is generally only the same type of LAN interface, which is very simple.
Technically, routers and Layer 3 switches have significant differences in packet switching operations. Routers typically perform packet switching by a microprocessor-based software routing engine, while Layer 3 switches perform packet switching through hardware. After the Layer 3 switch routes the first data stream, it will generate a mapping table of MAC addresses and IP addresses. When the same data stream passes again, it will pass directly from Layer 2 instead of re-routing according to this table. Therefore, the delay of the network caused by the routing of the router is eliminated, and the efficiency of packet forwarding is improved. At the same time, the route lookup of the Layer 3 switch is for data flow. It utilizes the cache technology and is easy to implement by using ASIC technology. Therefore, it can greatly save costs and achieve fast forwarding. The forwarding of the router adopts the longest matching method, which is complicated to implement, and is usually implemented by using software, and the forwarding efficiency is low.
For this reason, the performance of the Layer 3 switch is much better than that of the router when compared with the overall performance. It is very suitable for LANs with frequent data exchange. However, although the routing function is very powerful, its packet forwarding efficiency is much lower. Layer 3 switches are more suitable for the interconnection of different types of networks where data exchange is not very frequent, such as the interconnection between LAN and Internet. If a router, especially a high-end router, is used in a local area network, it is a waste to a considerable extent (in terms of its powerful routing function), and it does not satisfactorily meet the communication performance requirements of the LAN, affecting the subnets. In general, as described above, multi-subnet connections are made in the local area network, and it is preferable to use a three-layer switch, especially in an environment where data exchange between different subnets is frequent. On the one hand, it can ensure the communication performance requirements between subnets, on the other hand, it saves the investment of purchasing switches. Of course, if the communication between subnets is not very frequent, it is understandable to use routers, and the purpose of subnet security isolation and mutual communication can also be achieved. The specifics should be determined according to actual needs.
The biggest difference between Layer 3 switching and routing is that routing supports nat conversion, while Layer 3 does not. In the actual project, it is reflected in: the direct connection of the fiber to the Internet can be accessed on the route, and the connection of the fiber to the layer 3 device is not possible. Each of the three layers has a dedicated mac address and a dedicated ASIC integrated circuit.
The difference between network switches and routers
A network switch is a network-expanding device that provides more ports for sub-networks to connect to more computers. With the development of the communication industry and the advancement of national economy information, the network switch market has shown a steady upward trend. It is characterized by high performance and price ratio, high flexibility, relatively simple, and easy to implement. Therefore, Ethernet technology has become the most important LAN networking technology, and network switches have become the most popular switches.
A router is a device that connects to various local area networks and wide area networks in the Internet. It automatically selects and sets routes according to the channel conditions, and sends signals in the optimal path in order. The router is the hub of the Internet, "traffic police." At present, routers have been widely used in various industries, and various grades of products have become the main force for realizing internal connections of various backbone networks, interconnecting backbone networks, and backbone network and Internet interconnection services. The main difference between a route and a switch is that the switch occurs at the second layer (data link layer) of the OSI reference model, and the route occurs at the third layer, the network layer. This difference determines that routing and switches need to use different control information in the process of moving information, so the way they implement their respective functions is different.
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