The central control door lock is to make the car use convenient and safe, and implement centralized control for the locking and opening of the 4 doors. In layman's terms, there is a button on your driver's seat door. After you press it, the locks and glass of the other three doors can no longer be controlled separately. You have to control it by yourself on the door next to you, and vice versa. , You can control it individually. The working principle of the central control door lock is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and use the motor to drive the gear to turn to open and close the door.
At present, there are many types of central control locks installed on automobiles, and they are inseparable. The basic main components of the device are door lock switches, door lock actuators and door lock controllers.
Door lock switch: The central control switch is composed of the main switch and the sub-switch. The proportion of the central control switch is still very high, accounting for the vast majority of the central control switch. The main switch is installed on the door next to the driver, and the driver can lock or open all the doors of the vehicle by manipulating the main switch; the sub-switch is installed on each of the other doors and can control one door individually.
Door lock actuator: The door lock actuator is controlled by the door lock controller and follows the driver's instructions to lock or unlock the door lock. The door lock actuator mainly has three drive modes: electromagnetic, DC motor and permanent magnet motor. Its structure is to perform door lock or door opening actions by changing the polarity and switching the direction of movement.
(1) Electromagnetic type: It contains 2 coils, which are used to open and lock the door lock and perform the centralized task execution of the door lock. The button is usually in the middle position. When a forward current is applied to the door lock coil, the armature drives the rod to move to the left, and the door is locked; when a reverse current is applied to the door opening coil, the armature drives the connecting rod to move to the right, and the door is opened.
(2) DC motor type: it is rotated by a DC motor and transmitted power to the door lock buckle through a transmission device (the transmission device has screw drive, rack drive and spur gear transmission), so that the door lock buckle can be opened or locked only. Since the DC motor can rotate in both directions, the locking or opening of the door lock is realized by the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. Compared with electromagnetic actuators, this type of actuator consumes less power.
(3) Permanent magnet motor type: Permanent magnet motors mostly refer to permanent magnet step motors. Its function is basically the same as the previous two, and the structure is quite different. The rotor has convex teeth, and the radial gap between the convex teeth and the stator pole is small and the magnetic flux is large. The stator has a plurality of electromagnetic poles uniformly distributed in the axial direction, and each electromagnetic coil is arranged in a radial direction. The stator is surrounded by iron cores, and each iron core is wound with a coil. When the current passes through the coil of a certain phase, the iron core of the coil generates suction to attract the convex teeth on the rotor to align the magnetic poles of the stator coil, and the rotor will rotate to a minimum The position of the magnetic flux is a step position. To make the rotor continue to rotate by a step angle, input a pulse current to the stator coil of the next phase according to the required rotation direction, and the rotor can rotate. When the rotor rotates, the door lock is locked or opened by connecting.
Door lock controller: It is a control device that provides locking or opening pulse current for the door lock actuator. It has the function of controlling the direction of the actuator's energizing current. At the same time, it has the function of timing in order to shorten the working time. Regardless of the door lock actuator, the door lock can be locked and opened by changing the direction of the energized current of the actuator to control the connecting rod to move left and right.
There are many types of door lock controllers. According to their control principles, they can be roughly divided into three types of door lock controllers: transistor type, capacitive type and car with induction type.
(1) Transistor type: There are two relays inside the transistor door lock controller, one for closing the door and the other for opening the door. The relay is controlled by a transistor switch circuit, which comprehensively utilizes the charging and discharging process of the capacitor to control a certain pulse current duration, so that the actuator can complete the door lock and door opening actions.
(2) Capacitive type: The door lock controller uses capacitor charging and discharging characteristics. Usually the capacitor is fully charged. When working, it is connected to the control circuit to discharge the capacitor, so that the relay is energized and closed for a short time. After the capacitor is completely discharged, it passes The current of the relay is interrupted and its contacts are disconnected, and the door lock system is no longer.
(3) Speed ​​sensing type. Equipped with a sensor switch with a vehicle speed of 10km/h. When the vehicle speed is greater than 10km/h, if the door is not locked, the driver does not need to do anything, and the door lock controller automatically locks the door.
The working principle of the automobile central control lock The central control door lock is mainly composed of two switches S1 and S2, the door lock relay, 5 bidirectional DC motors and fuses. The switch of the lock is controlled by the line control relay. When the left front door switch is turned on, the circuit is connected, the normally closed contact of the relay is grounded, and the motor starts to work to open both the car door lock and the rear door trunk door lock. When the switch is locked, the relay is turned on, the normally closed contact is turned on, and the motor is turned on at the same time, the motor starts, and both the door lock and the rear door trunk door lock are closed. The central control door lock can be divided into two-way air pressure pump type and micro DC motor type according to its structure; according to its control method, it can be divided into two types with anti-theft system and without anti-theft system. Like the DC motor type, it mainly controls the opening and closing of the door lock by controlling the motor by controlling the current of the circuit. It is mainly composed of switches, motors, transmission and execution parts and related relays.
The wireless remote control function of the central lock means that the door can be opened and locked remotely without inserting the key key into the lock hole. Its biggest advantage is: regardless of day and night, no need to detect the lock hole, and it can be unlocked remotely and conveniently ( Open the door) and lock (lock the door).
The basic principle of remote control is: a weak electric wave is sent from the car owner, the electric wave signal is received by the car antenna, the signal code is recognized by the electronic controller ECU, and then the system's actuator (motor or electromagnetic manager loop) executes the opening/closing action. The system is mainly composed of transmitter and receiver.
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